The museum is housed in a building built in the mid-19th century. It is a building of historical value for the city of Cahul. Here, in 1858, the renowned Romanian writer, historian, linguist, and scholar BP Hasdeu worked as a judge.
The museum's collections house a rich collection of edged weapons and firearms, archaeology and numismatics, old books and documents. A distinct place is the ethnographic collection, which includes elements of folk costume, carpets and towels. The nature section includes thematic collections of birds and animals specific to the three southern ecosystems, paleozoological vestiges, which reflect the geological history of the earth.
The history section evokes the evolution of human society from the Paleolithic to the Romanian medieval pre-state formations. Of particular interest is the Ethnographic Complex, opened in 1979, consisting of a peasant household from the late 19th century - early 20th century. The exhibition of towels, carpets, wall hangings, bark, furniture, technical-agricultural inventory offers the visitor the complexity of the material and spiritual experiences of this people.